Nicolas Girard, DVM; Eric Servet, Vincent Biourge, DVM, PhD; Philippe Hennet, DVM
Summary: Periodontal disease has not been well characterized in the cat, and it is not known if feline tooth resorptions (TR) are equivalent to those observed in humans and dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the different patterns of periodontal inflammation in cats, and to evaluate their prevalence in a standardized healthy population (n=109). Particular emphasis was placed on the potential associations between TR and periodontal parameters, as well as the influence of potential risk factors (including breed, sex, and age). A single complete periodontal examination was performed, including periodontal probing of each tooth and exploration of the tooth surface using a dental explorer; at least 10 radiographs were taken for each cat. Missing teeth with radiographic evidence of root apices were present in 34.0 % of cats. Periodontal disease was common, and 13.0 % of cats had aggressive periodontitis. All of the cats had some form of periodontal inflammation, and only 4.0 % of cats were free from gingival inflammation. Moderate to severe gingivitis was present in 13.0 % of teeth. Dental furcation exposure was present in 18.0 % of all multi-rooted teeth. Periodontal bone loss was observed in 31.2 % of teeth, with the majority (98.2 %) of all cats having some form of periodontal bone loss. Breed effects were identified for some variables. Eight of 14 periodontal variables were statistically correlated with Type 1 TR. Two of 14 variables (and age) were statistically correlated with Type 2 TR. In conclusion, the cats of this colony had a wide range of periodontal inflammation, including aggressive periodontitis. Type 1 TR and Type 2 TR were identified to be two significantly different manifestations of TR, with a strong association between Type 1 TR and periodontal disease. J Vet Dent 26 (3); 147 - 155, 2009
Lenin Arturo Villamizar Martinez, MV, MSC; Marco Antonio Gioso, MV, MSC, PhD; Cristian Marcelo Villegas Lobos, MS; Ana Carolina Brandão de C. Fonseca Pinto, MV, MSC, PhD
Summary: For some surgical procedures in veterinary dentistry including exodontia, orthognathic surgery, orthopedic surgery, oncologic surgery, and for the placement of dental implants, it is important to know the accurate location of the neurovascular structures within the mandibular canal. The aim of this research was to determine the course of the mandibular canal in the mandible and its relationship with other anatomical structures in brachycephalic dogs using computerized tomography. Mandibles from 10 brachycephalic cadaver dogs were evaluated. Measurements were taken in relation to the lingual, vestibular, alveolar crest, and ventral surfaces. These measurements indicated that the mandibular canal descends slightly from the mandibular foramen to the molar area, decreasing the distance of the mandibular canal from the mandibular ventral border. The mandibular canal is slightly closer to the lingual surface than the vestibular surface except in the molar tooth region. The mandibular canal continues in a rostral direction occupying the ventral region of the mandibular body, reaching its maximum distance from the alveolar crest at the level of the first molar and fourth premolar teeth. In the third and fourth premolar tooth region, the mandibular canal maintains a similar distance between the vestibular and lingual borders; then, at the level of the second premolar tooth, the distance of the mandibular canal from the lingual and ventral border increases before its termination at the mental foramen. The study reported here documents the feasibility of using CT to determine the location of the mandibular canal in relation to bony and dental parameters. Although the difference in mandible size of the group of brachycephalic dogs reported here resulted in broad ranges of measurements, it is clear that the MC course may vary between individual dogs. J Vet Dent 26(3); 156 - 163, 2009
Gerhard Steenkamp BVSc, MSc; Leon Venter BVSc; David Crossley BVetMed, PhD; Peter Buss BVSc, MMedVet
Summary: A 52-month-old Canadian beaver was presented for treatment of lip trauma resulting from overgrowth of the right mandibular incisor tooth following earlier loss of the right maxillary incisor tooth. Extraction of the affected tooth was considered, but rejected due to the length of the embedded portion of rodent mandibular incisor teeth. The lip injury was managed by crown reduction (odontoplasty) of the overgrowing incisor tooth pending a more permanent treatment plan. A 2-cm apicoectomy of the right mandibular incisor tooth was performed to arrest growth of the tooth when the beaver was 82-months-old. The remainder of the tooth continued to erupt and was completely expelled during a 9-month period with one additional odontoplasty being required. The beaver continued to feed normally with just the left maxillary and mandibular incisor teeth until its death at 118-months, with odontoplasty performed twice on the remaining incisor teeth during the 30-months following exfoliation. J Vet Dent 26 (3); 164 - 167, 2009
João Luiz Rossi Junior, DMV, MS, PhD; Flaviana L. Guião-Leite, DMV, MS, PhD; Marco Antonio Gioso, DMV, DDS, MS, PhD; Léslie M. Domingues Falqueiro, DMV, MS, PhD ; Roberto Silveira Fecchio, DVM
Summary: Causes of dental infections can be related to failed dental eruption, malocclusion, abrasion, fractures with or without exposure of the dental pulp, and periodontal disease. Reports of oral myiasis in megavertebrates in captivity are infrequent, perhaps due to the difficulty in observing the oral cavity in such species. This report describes a case of oral myiasis in an adult male hippopotamus in the gingival area and alveolar mucosa of the left mandibular canine tooth. J Vet Dent 26 (3); 168 -170, 2009
Louis Arthur Norton AB, DMD, MA
Diana L. Eubanks, DVM, MS
Kristin S. Walker, DVM; Alexander M. Reiter, Dipl Tzt, Dr med vet; John R. Lewis, VMD